ABSTRACT
Body condition a reliable indicator of energetic condition, has an important ?tness consequence. Natural population of Duttaphrynus melanostictus in response to environmental cues shows several physiologic changes such as reproductive activity, hibernation, aestivation and metabolic depression in different seasons. Duttaphrynus melanostictus were collected from local area in North Orissa University in Baripada, Mayurbhanj in different seasons like summer, rainy, winter. We evaluated the seasonal variation of liver and kidney tissue in Asian common toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus in different statistical methods. The lipid peroxidation (LPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), protein content activity in liver tissue were measured in different season
ABSTRACT
Duration of season may vary from one geographical area to other, which can influence physiology of inhabiting organisms. The purpose of this present study is to observe seasonal variation in oxidative stress parameters such as protein, lipid peroxidation (LPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA) and total lipid content in kidney of adult Duttaphrynus melanostictus. Result of the present study showed that LPX, ASAand total lipid content were highest in rainy season and lowest in winter season. GSH content was highest in rainy season and lowest in summer season. Protein content was highest in winter and lowest in rainy season.
ABSTRACT
Bufonid parotoid macrogland secretion contains several low molecular mass molecules, such as alkaloids and steroids. Nevertheless, its protein content is poorly understood. Herein, we applied a sample preparation methodology that allows the analysis of viscous matrices in order to examine its proteins. Methods: Duttaphrynus melanostictus parotoid macrogland secretion was submitted to ion-exchange batch sample preparation, yielding two fractions: salt-displaced fraction and acid-displaced fraction. Each sample was then fractionated by anionic-exchange chromatography, followed by in-solution proteomic analysis. Results: Forty-two proteins could be identified, such as acyl-CoA-binding protein, alcohol dehydrogenase, calmodulin, galectin and histone. Moreover, de novo analyses yielded 153 peptides, whereas BLAST analyses corroborated some of the proteomic-identified proteins. Furthermore, the de novo peptide analyses indicate the presence of proteins related to apoptosis, cellular structure, catalysis and transport processes. Conclusions: Proper sample preparation allowed the proteomic and de novo identification of different proteins in the D. melanostictus parotoid macrogland secretion. These results may increase the knowledge about the universe of molecules that compose amphibian skin secretion, as well as to understand their biological/physiological role in the granular gland.(AU)